As a dentist with extensive clinical experience, I can tell you that while brushing gets most of the attention, flossing is equally critical for maintaining oral health. Proper flossing removes plaque and food particles from areas your toothbrush simply cannot reach—approximately 40% of your tooth surfaces. Here's how to master this essential oral hygiene practice.

Why Flossing Matters

Flossing isn't just about removing food particles. It disrupts bacterial colonies between teeth and below the gumline, preventing plaque formation that leads to cavities and gum disease. Research consistently shows that brushing alone leaves significant portions of tooth surfaces uncleaned.

Proper Flossing Technique

Use sufficient floss: Start with about 18 inches of floss, winding most around your middle fingers, leaving 1-2 inches to work with.
Hold correctly: Grip the floss tightly between your thumbs and forefingers, creating a taut section about an inch long.
Use gentle motion: Guide the floss between teeth using a gentle zigzag motion—never snap it directly into the gums, which can cause trauma.
Create a C-shape: Once at the gumline, curve the floss into a C-shape against one tooth and gently slide it into the space between the gum and tooth.
Clean thoroughly: Move the floss up and down against the tooth surface and under the gumline. Repeat on the adjacent tooth.
Use fresh sections: As you move from tooth to tooth, use a clean section of floss by unwinding from one finger and winding onto the other.
Don't forget back teeth: Be sure to floss behind your last molars as well.

If you’re looking for a visual to follow, check out this short video from Bupa Health that demonstrates some of the things we’ve talked about.

Flossing Frequency and Timing

For optimal results, floss once daily. While the time of day matters less than consistency, many dental professionals recommend flossing at night before brushing. This sequence allows the fluoride from your toothpaste to better reach between teeth after flossing has removed interdental plaque.

Alternatives for Special Situations

If traditional flossing is difficult due to dexterity issues, orthodontic appliances, or dental work:

Floss holders/picks: Provide better reach with less manual dexterity required
Interdental brushes: Effective for larger spaces between teeth and around implants
Water flossers: Excellent for cleaning around braces and dental work

Common Flossing Mistakes

Flossing too roughly: Can damage gum tissue
Using too little floss: Results in spreading bacteria between teeth
Skipping teeth: Every interdental space needs attention
Stopping due to bleeding: Healthy gums shouldn't bleed; persistent bleeding indicates inflammation that usually improves with regular flossing

Getting Past Initial Discomfort

If you're new to regular flossing, you might experience some discomfort or bleeding at first. This typically resolves within 1-2 weeks as gum health improves. Persistent bleeding beyond this period warrants a dental evaluation.

Remember that flossing is a skill that improves with practice. Your dental hygienist can provide personalized guidance and technique adjustments at your next cleaning. The few minutes you invest daily in proper flossing will pay significant dividends in preventing cavities, gum disease, and maintaining fresh breath.

The Art of Flossing: A Short Guide